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Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the colon and rectum for abnormalities or signs of disease.
Colonoscopies are primarily performed for screening and diagnostic purposes. They can help detect colorectal cancer, polyps (abnormal growths, which are often pre-cancerous), inflammation, ulceration, and other abnormalities in the colon and rectum.
Before a colonoscopy, the colon needs to be completely empty so that the surgeon can clearly see the colon lining. This usually involves a low fibre diet for one to five days prior to the procedure, along with a clear fluid diet the day prior to the procedure, and bowel preparation to clear the colon of stool.
Most colonoscopies are performed with sedation to help the patient relax and minimise discomfort. The level of sedation can vary, ranging from mild sedation (conscious sedation) to deeper sedation or general anaesthesia.
During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope is inserted into the rectum and advanced through the colon. The colonoscope has a tiny camera and a light on the end, allowing the surgeon to visualise the colon’s lining on a monitor.
The procedure typically takes about 30 minutes to an hour to complete, although it can vary depending on factors such as the complexity of the examination and any procedures performed during the colonoscopy (such as polyp removal).
While colonoscopies are generally considered safe, there are some risks associated with the procedure, including bleeding, perforation (tearing of the colon wall), incomplete procedure, poor bowel preparation, missed lesion/s and adverse reactions to bowel preparation or sedation. However, serious complications are rare.
After the procedure, patients are usually monitored for a short period until the effects of sedation wear off. They may experience some bloating, gas, or mild discomfort, but these symptoms typically resolve quickly.
The frequency of colonoscopies depends on individual risk factors, such as age, family history of colorectal cancer, and personal medical history.